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High School Journalism Unit 2

Reading and Writing Workshop

Unit Plan

Introduction to Journalism – Foundations and Functions

Activities

Teaching with E.L.O.N.  (Enriched Learning Opportunity Nexus) that seamlessly integrates AI 
Unit 2

Unit Overview:
This unit introduces students to the field of journalism, focusing on its role in a democratic society, the variety of journalistic forms, the evolution of the press through history, and the foundational concepts of reporting including the 5 W’s and H. Students will explore journalism’s impact on public awareness and civic responsibility, examine ethical considerations, and begin practicing basic reporting and writing skills.

Unit Objectives:
Students will be able to:
  • Define journalism and explain its significance in society and democracy.
  • Differentiate between types of journalistic writing: news, features, opinion, investigative, and more.
  • Summarize key developments in the history of journalism and its digital transformation.
  • Apply the 5 W’s and H to write clear and informative news leads.
  • Reflect on journalism’s ethical responsibilities and its challenges in the digital age.

Essential Questions:
  • What is journalism, and why does it matter?
  • How do different types of journalism serve different purposes?
  • How has journalism evolved over time, and how is it changing today?
  • How do journalists gather and structure news using the 5 W’s and H?
  • What responsibilities do journalists have to the public?

Key Topics:
  • The purpose and role of journalism in democratic society
  • Types of journalism: news, features, opinion, investigative, multimedia
  • A brief history of journalism and the digital revolution
  • Core principles of reporting: accuracy, objectivity, ethics
  • Understanding and applying the 5 W’s and H in writing

Primary & Secondary Sources:
Primary:
  • Excerpts from early American newspapers (e.g., The Pennsylvania Gazette)
  • Broadcast clips from major news stories (archival and current)
  • Student analysis of current articles from sources like The New York Times, NPR, and ProPublica
Secondary:
  • Excerpts from The Elements of Journalism by Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel
  • Articles on the history of journalism from the Poynter Institute
  • Journalism ethics case studies (SPJ and NPR guidelines)

Lesson Breakdown:

Week 1: What is Journalism and Why It Matters
  • Lesson 1: Defining Journalism
    Activity: Class brainstorm on the role of news in students’ lives. Create working definition of journalism.
  • Lesson 2: Journalism and Democracy
    Activity: Read excerpts from The Elements of Journalism; small group discussion on journalism’s role in democracy.
  • Lesson 3: Journalism Today
    Activity: Analyze headlines from different media outlets (print, online, broadcast); discuss who journalists serve.

Week 2: Types of Journalism
  • Lesson 4: News Writing vs. Feature Writing
    Activity: Compare two articles on the same topic—one hard news, one feature. Discuss structure, tone, purpose.
  • Lesson 5: Opinion and Editorials
    Activity: Analyze an editorial and write a short opinion response to a current event.
  • Lesson 6: Investigative Journalism
    Activity: Case study of a Pulitzer-winning investigative piece; discuss research and impact.

Week 3: Journalism’s History and Ethics
  • Lesson 7: History of Journalism
    Activity: Timeline activity on key moments in journalism history (e.g., printing press, Yellow Journalism, Watergate, internet age).
  • Lesson 8: Digital Media and the News
    Activity: Analyze social media’s influence on journalism; track a trending story through platforms.
  • Lesson 9: Journalism Ethics
    Activity: Debate case studies on conflict of interest, plagiarism, and bias; reflect using SPJ Code of Ethics.

Week 4: Writing the News – The 5 W’s and H
  • Lesson 10: Introduction to the 5 W’s and H
    Activity: Practice identifying the 5 W’s and H in sample news leads.
  • Lesson 11: Writing a News Lead
    Activity: Students write leads based on classroom roleplay or a mock press conference.
  • Lesson 12: Putting it Together – Your First Article
    Activity: Students draft a short article using the inverted pyramid style, peer-edit, and revise.

Assessments:
Formative:
  • Exit tickets (reflection or comprehension questions)
  • Peer feedback on leads and article drafts
  • Class participation in timeline, debates, and discussions
Summative:
  • Short quiz on types of journalism and history
  • News article assignment using 5 W’s and H with a rubric
  • Editorial response writing assignment

Suggested Extension Activities:
  • Invite a local journalist or media professional to speak with the class
  • Field trip to a local newsroom, radio station, or student-run publication
  • Launch a classroom news board, blog, or podcast
  • Watch and critique a documentary about journalism (e.g., Page One: Inside the New York Times)

Vocabulary:
  • Journalism
  • News lead
  • Editorial
  • Feature
  • Ethics
  • Objectivity
  • Inverted pyramid
  • Multimedia
  • Investigative reporting
  • Source
​The following activities include AI tools that enhance student engagement, provide data-driven insights, and facilitate personalized learning. 
Activity 1: Pyramid Builder – Organize the News
Lesson Tie-In: Inverted Pyramid Structure
Type: Group Activity
AI Tools:
  • ChatGPT or Claude.ai: Paste a jumbled article and ask: “Can you organize this in inverted pyramid structure?”
  • Google Docs (Help Me Write): Reorder based on most important to least important info.
Instructions:
Students receive a disorganized article. They attempt to manually arrange it into an inverted pyramid. Then they consult AI to compare structure. They explain differences in reasoning.
Outcome:
Understanding how to lead with the most essential facts and create logical flow.

Activity 2: Headline & Lede Remix
Lesson Tie-In: Crafting Strong Headlines and Ledes
Type: Individual Activity
AI Tools:
  • ChatGPT or Jasper.ai: “Generate 3 headline options” or “Write 3 different ledes: narrative, quote, straight.”
  • Copy.ai: Create headline and subheading variations from summary text.
Instructions:
Students write their own headline and lede. Then, they use AI to generate 3–5 alternate versions. Students choose the best one and write a rationale for their choice.
Outcome:
Stronger hooks and better understanding of tone and audience targeting.

Activity 3: AI Interview Simulator
Lesson Tie-In: Conducting Interviews and Gathering Information
Type: Group or Paired Activity
AI Tools:
  • ChatGPT (roleplay mode): “Act as a school principal who just made a major decision about funding…”
  • Poe or Claude.ai: Simulate personas for mock interviews.
Instructions:
Students prepare a list of interview questions for a given scenario. They conduct mock interviews with an AI in character. They then summarize key quotes and information to use in an article draft.
Outcome:
Interviewing confidence, better questions, and understanding how to pull usable quotes.

Activity 4: Fact or Fiction? Fact-Checking Relay
Lesson Tie-In: Fact-Checking and Verifying Sources
Type: Individual or Small Group
AI Tools:
  • Google Fact Check Explorer
  • ChatGPT (with prompt): “Fact-check the following statement. Include sources.”
  • Perplexity.ai: Source-backed answers with citations.
Instructions:
Students are given 5 short claims. They use AI tools to fact-check each, rate them (True/False/Unverified), and cite sources. As an extension, they revise one statement to make it accurate.
Outcome:
Critical media literacy and research skills.

Activity 5: Bias Buster Rewrite
Lesson Tie-In: Writing in an Objective and Concise Manner
Type: Individual Activity
AI Tools:
  • Grammarly (Tone Detector)
  • ChatGPT: “Revise this paragraph to be neutral and objective.”
  • ProWritingAid: Detect emotionally charged language and wordiness.
Instructions:
Students are given a biased or wordy article excerpt. First, they revise it manually. Then, they use AI to offer an alternative revision and compare both versions.
Outcome:
Stronger awareness of neutrality, tone, and journalistic integrity.

Activity 6: Peer-Edit with AI Support
Lesson Tie-In: Drafting and Revising Articles
Type: Partner Activity
AI Tools:
  • ChatGPT or Notion AI: “Can you offer editing suggestions for clarity, grammar, and flow without changing the facts?”
  • Microsoft Copilot or Google Docs AI: Use in-document suggestions to revise.
Instructions:
Students trade rough drafts. They review each other's articles and run them through AI tools for revision suggestions. Each student chooses which AI suggestions to accept or reject and explains why.
Outcome:
Stronger drafts and improved editorial decision-making.

Activity 7: Newsroom Ethics Simulation
Lesson Tie-In: Journalism Ethics
Type: Group Activity
AI Tools:
  • ChatGPT in scenario mode: “Create an ethical dilemma for a student journalist (e.g., anonymous source, deadline pressure).”
  • ChatGPT or Claude.ai: Debate both sides of a journalism ethics scenario.
Instructions:
AI presents a dilemma (e.g., publish now or wait for verification). Students discuss in teams, then use AI to explore both potential consequences. They present their decision to the class.
Outcome:
Develop ethical reasoning and professional standards.

Activity 8: Final Article AI Reflection
​
Lesson Tie-In: Final Writing and Publishing
Type: Individual Activity
AI Tools:
  • ChatGPT or Notion AI: Used to assist final revisions.
  • Google Docs AI (writing assistant): Final polish of grammar and clarity.
Instructions:
Students finalize their article with light AI support. Then, they write a short reflection:
  • How did AI help?
  • What did you reject and why?
  • What role should AI play in journalism?
Outcome:
Reflection on AI as a tool, not a crutch—deepened awareness of process and ownership.
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