Unit 6 DBQs
DBQ 1:  Evaluate the social and economic consequences of industrialization on global labor systems between 1750 and 1900. 

1. Excerpt from Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations (1776), discussing division of labor.
   • Source: Smith, Adam. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. 1776. Available at Project Gutenberg.
2. Factory worker testimony before the British Parliament on working conditions (19th century).
   • Source: Report of the Parliamentary Committee on the Bill to Regulate the Labour of Children in the Mills and Factories of the United Kingdom. 1832. Available at Hansard Archives.
3. Photograph of a child laborer in a textile mill (c. 1880s).
   • Source: Hine, Lewis. "Child Laborer in Textile Mill." c. 1880s. Available at Library of Congress.
4. Data on urbanization and factory expansion in Manchester, England (1850s).
   • Source: Engels, Friedrich. The Condition of the Working Class in England. 1845. Available at Marxists Internet Archive.
5. Excerpt from Karl Marx’s The Communist Manifesto (1848), critiquing industrial capitalism.
   • Source: Marx, Karl, and Friedrich Engels. The Communist Manifesto. 1848. Available at Marxists Internet Archive.
6. Report from a Qing official on the impact of British textiles on Chinese artisans (c. 1870s).
   • Source: Chen, Hongmou. "Memorial to the Throne on the Harm Caused by Foreign Goods." c. 1870s. Available in Sources of Chinese Tradition, compiled by Wm. Theodore de Bary.
7. Japanese government document on industrial reforms during the Meiji Restoration (c. 1880s).
   • Source: "The Imperial Rescript on Encouragement of Learning." 1872. Available in Sources of Japanese Tradition, compiled by Wm. Theodore de Bary.

DBQ 2: Analyze the various justifications used by imperial powers to legitimize their expansion in the 19th century. 

1. Excerpt from Rudyard Kipling’s The White Man’s Burden (1899).
   • Source: Kipling, Rudyard. "The White Man's Burden." 1899. Available at Poetry Foundation.
2. British missionary report on converting indigenous populations in Africa (c. 1870s).
   • Source: Livingstone, David. Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa. 1857. Available at Project Gutenberg.
3. Speech by Otto von Bismarck on Germany’s need for overseas colonies (1884).
   • Source: Bismarck, Otto von. "Speech to the Reichstag." 1884. Available in Bismarck, the Man and the Statesman, by A.J.P. Taylor.
4. U.S. Senator Albert Beveridge speech supporting American imperialism (1898).
   • Source: Beveridge, Albert J. "The March of the Flag." 1898. Available at Teaching American History.
5. Excerpt from Social Darwinism and Imperialism by Herbert Spencer (1880s).
   • Source: Spencer, Herbert. The Man Versus the State. 1884. Available at Project Gutenberg.
6. Political cartoon depicting European powers dividing Africa (c. 1885).
   • Source: "The Berlin Conference." 1885. Available at Wikipedia.
7. Chinese anti-imperialist petition protesting foreign spheres of influence (1899).
   • Source: "The Boxer Rebellion: Chinese Declarations of War." 1900. Available in China's Response to the West: A Documentary Survey, by Ssu-yu Teng and John K. Fairbank.

DBQ 3:  Evaluate the ways in which indigenous groups resisted European and American imperial expansion between 1750 and 1900. 

1. Excerpt from a Zulu chief's speech against British encroachment (c. 1879).
   • Source: Cetshwayo kaMpande. "Statement to British Authorities." 1879. Available in The Anglo-Zulu War: New Perspectives, by Ian Knight.
2. British military report on resistance during the Mahdist Wars in Sudan (1885).
   • Source: Wingate, F.R. Mahdiism and the Egyptian Sudan. 1891. Available at Internet Archive.
3. Letter from a Sepoy soldier detailing grievances during the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
   • Source: "A Soldier’s Complaint." 1857. Available in Mutiny Memoirs, by A.R.D. Mackenzie.
4. Map of the Scramble for Africa, showing European territorial claims (1885).
   • Source: "Map of Africa by Treaty." 1891. Available at British Library.
5. American newspaper report on the Battle of Little Bighorn (1876).
   • Source: "Terrible Indian Battle." The New York Times, July 6, 1876. Available at NYT Archives.
6. Testimony from a Filipino rebel during the Philippine-American War (1899).
   • Source: "Testimony of Emilio Aguinaldo." 1899. Available in The Philippine Islands, by Emma Helen Blair and James Alexander Robertson.
7. Photograph of British troops suppressing Indian rebels (1858).
   • Source: "British Soldiers with Sepoy Mutineers, 1858." Available at National Army Museum.

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DBQ 4: Analyze the responses of indigenous peoples to European and American imperialism in the 19th century.

1. Excerpt from a Zulu warrior's account of the Anglo-Zulu War (1879).
   • Source: "Account of the Battle of Isandlwana." 1879. Available in The Anglo-Zulu War: New Perspectives, by Ian Knight.
2. Sudanese Mahdist proclamation against British and Egyptian rule (1881).
   • Source: Muhammad Ahmad al-Mahdi. "Proclamation of the Mahdi." 1881.
3. Ghost Dance ritual description from a Lakota Sioux perspective (1890).
   • Source: Mooney, James. The Ghost-Dance Religion and the Sioux Outbreak of 1890. 1896. Available at Internet Archive.
4. British official report on the suppression of the Indian Rebellion (1858).
   • Source: "British Government Report on the Indian Revolt." 1858. Available in The History of the Indian Mutiny, by Charles Ball.
5. American newspaper article condemning the Wounded Knee Massacre (1890).
   • Source: "The Massacre at Wounded Knee." The New York Times, Dec. 30, 1890. Available at NYT Archives.
6. Testimony from a Maori leader regarding British colonization (c. 1870s).
   • Source: Tawhiao, King. "Maori Petition to Queen Victoria." 1870s. Available in The Treaty of Waitangi, by Claudia Orange.
7. Photograph of indigenous resistance fighters in Algeria (1880s).
   • Source: "Algerian Resistance Fighters, 1880s." Available at Musée de l'Armée.

DBQ 5: Evaluate the economic motivations and consequences of imperialism in China, Latin America, and other regions during the 19th century. 

1. Excerpt from a British trade official on the necessity of the Opium Wars (1839).
   • Source: Jardine, William. "Letter to British Parliament on Chinese Trade." 1839. Available in Imperial Twilight, by Stephen Platt.
2. Treaty of Nanjing (1842) excerpt detailing British economic privileges in China.
   • Source: "Treaty of Nanjing." 1842. Available at Chinese Text Project.
3. American business leader's argument for economic expansion into Latin America (c. 1890s).
   • Source: Root, Elihu. "Economic Advantages of U.S. Expansion." c. 1890s. Available in The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, by Alfred Thayer Mahan.
4. Chinese editorial denouncing economic imperialism in treaty ports (c. 1880s).
   • Source: Shen Bao Newspaper. "The Harm of Foreign Trade in Shanghai." c. 1880s. Available in China's Response to the West: A Documentary Survey, by Teng and Fairbank.
5. U.S. policy statement on the Open Door Policy (1899).
   • Source: Hay, John. "Open Door Notes." 1899. Available at U.S. State Department.
6. Data on foreign investment in Latin America and its effects (c. 1880s).
   • Source: "Foreign Investments in Argentina and Brazil." c. 1880s. Available in The Cambridge Economic History of Latin America.
7. Political cartoon depicting European and American economic control over China (c. 1900).
   • Source: "The Partition of China." Le Petit Journal, 1898. Available at World Digital Library.

DBQ 6: Analyze the causes and consequences of global migration patterns between 1750 and 1900. 

1. Excerpt from an Irish migrant letter describing push factors during the Great Famine (1840s).
   • Source: O'Connor, Patrick. "Letter from an Irish Immigrant in America." 1847. Available in The Great Irish Famine, by Christine Kinealy.
2. Chinese labor contract for workers on the U.S. railroads (c. 1860s).
   • Source: "Chinese Railroad Workers' Contracts." 1860s. Available in The Chinese in America, by Iris Chang.
3. Data on Indian indentured servitude in British colonies (c. 1880s).
   • Source: "Statistics on Indian Indentured Laborers in the Caribbean and Africa." 1880s. Available in Coolies and Cane: The Plantation Laborers of British Guiana, by Walton Look Lai.
4. Japanese government report on emigration to Hawaii (c. 1890s).
   • Source: "Japanese Immigration to Hawaii." 1894. Available in Japan's Economic Ascent, by Michael Smitka.
5. Political cartoon depicting anti-immigrant sentiment in the U.S. (c. 1880s).
   • Source: "The Chinese Must Go." The Wasp, 1882. Available at Library of Congress.
6. Excerpt from a Mexican migrant's account of work in U.S. agriculture (c. 1890s).
   • Source: "Mexican Worker Testimony." 1890s. Available in Borderline Americans: Racial Division and Labor War in the Arizona Borderlands, by Katherine Benton-Cohen.
7. Testimony from an Australian politician advocating for the White Australia Policy (1901).
   • Source: Barton, Edmund. "Speech on the White Australia Policy." 1901. Available at Australian Parliamentary Archives.